Table of Contents



Chapter 2

Additional Data on Student Outcomes:

Methodological Framework


Phase II of the WASC Self-Study examines student outcomes using a two-

dimensional matrix with the rows of the matrix representing desired student outcomes and

the columns representing the instruments from which indicators of those outcomes are

obtained. The cells of the matrix represent the specific number of indicators (e.g. survey

questions) that provide data describing the extent to which CSUS is achieving the desired

outcomes.



Desired Student Outcomes

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Chapter 3: Teaching & Learning (Perceptual measures of learning)


3.1 Overall Perception: Students leaving CSUS are satisfied with the overall quality of the instruction they received at CSUS.

3.2 Perception of General Education: Students leaving CSUS are satisfied with the contribution General Education made to their personal development.

3.3 Perception of Major: Students leaving CSUS are satisfied with the technical skills and professional preparation acquired while enrolled in a major area of study at CSUS.

3.4 Perception of Faculty Teaching Practices: Faculty employ effective teaching practices.

3.5 Perception of Intellectual Stimulation: CSUS intellectually stimulates and inspires students.

3.6 Perception of Library and Information Resources: CSUS provides students with the library and information resources necessary to complete a superior university degree.

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Chapter 4: Student Outcomes (Objective measures of student learning)


4.1 Thinking Skills: Students leaving CSUS think clearly and logically.

4.2 Information Skills: Students leaving CSUS find information and examine that information critically.

4.3 Communication Skills: Students leaving CSUS communicate effectively both orally and in writing.

4.4 Quantitative Skills: Students leaving CSUS reason quantitatively.

4.5 Pre-professional Skills: Students leaving CSUS are prepared to assume career responsibilities, meet credential requirements, and gain admission to graduate or professional schools.

4.6 Retention and Graduation: CSUS retains students who have not yet achieved a credential or degree and graduates students seeking a degree

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Chapter 5: Learning Community (Perceptual measures
of learning community--from the perspective of students)


5.1 Cultural Diversity: Students leaving CSUS appreciate cultural diversity.

5.2 Intellectual Tolerance: Students leaving CSUS have been intellectually stimulated, but not harassed or coerced by, contradictory political, moral, or spiritual beliefs.

5.3 Racial Integration: Students interact with students of other racial/ethnic groups in a variety of settings.

5.4 Non-Discrimination: Students are judged by character, effort, and performance, rather than by gender, ethnicity, or other personal characteristics.

5.5 Sense of Belonging: Students have a sense of belonging to the CSUS campus community.

5.6 Access to Faculty: Students have ample access to faculty.

5.7 Administrative Support: Faculty, staff, and administration handle the administrative details of acquiring an education conveniently, pleasantly and in a helpful manner.

5.8 Career Assistance: CSUS assists students in beginning careers.

5.9 Physical Resources: CSUS provides adequate physical facilities and resources for learning.

5.10 Advising: CSUS provides helpful advising services.




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Survey Instruments


ACT-COS Graduating Student Teaching and Learning Survey - The

ACT-College Outcomes Survey (ACT-COS) was administered to the CSUS graduating

class of 1995. Thirty campus-specific questions, developed by a subcommittee of the

Steering Committee, were added to the survey. A great majority of the added questions

were based on the 1987 Wingspread report, Seven Principles for Good Practice in

Undergraduate Education, which in turn represented a synthesis of "best practices"

derived from a number of studies of pedagogy in higher education.


A total of 3,994 graduating students (2,902 undergraduate and 1,092 post

baccalaureate) were sent the ACT-COS and the campus-specific Teaching and Learning

Survey. The response rate was 15.6 percent (N=622). Among the respondents, 67.5

percent were female and 32.5 percent were male. Another 2,000 Teaching and Learning

surveys were distributed to selected General Education courses. Of the 657 General

Education students (32.9%) who completed the surveys, 53.4 percent were females, and

35.2 percent were males (the balance declined to identify gender). Both groups of students

responded to the same 30 Teaching and Learning questions, but graduating seniors were

asked to answer them in terms of their experience in the major while the on-campus group

responded only in terms of their experience with General Education at CSUS.


ACT Alumni Survey - By far the largest group of respondents to any of the

surveys was an alumni sample who responded to the ACT-Alumni Survey sent to 1,667

alumni in departments undergoing program reviews during the 1995-96 cycle. Alumni

from ten programs undergoing program review were surveyed: Asian Studies, Bilingual-

Multicultural Education, Biological Sciences, Counselor Education, Electrical and

Electronic Engineering, French, German, Interior Design, Spanish, and Special Education.

A total of 1,667 surveys were mailed with an 18 percent response rate (N=291).


Student Needs and Priorities Survey (SNAPS) - The Student Needs and

Priorities Survey (SNAPS) is a study conducted every four years by the Chancellor's

Office of the California State University (CSU). Its purpose is to determine the

characteristics, objectives, and needs of CSU students, and the degree to which campuses

are meeting student objectives and needs. The most recent study was conducted in Spring

1994. The survey gathered responses of 952 CSUS students. This sample was

representative of the student population in terms of ethnicity, gender, and class level.


ACT-COS Non-Returning (Withdrawing) Student Survey - This

survey paralleled in form and, to some extent content, of the ACT-COS Graduating Senior

Survey. It took approximately 15 minutes to complete. The sample size completing this

survey totaled 188 non-returning students.


General Education Survey on Teaching and Learning - The campus-

specific questions on Teaching and Learning were administered to students in selected

General Education classes, along with four additional questions. The sample size

completing this survey totaled 655 students enrolled in General Education courses.


Computer Assisted Student Phone Registration (CASPER) Surveys - Students

who phone the University during CASPER schedule classes or make changes to

their schedules are required to answer two questions before completing their call. During

Spring 1995, for example, all students responded to a question on their interest in and

ability to participate in NCAA sanctioned sports. Students were also asked to respond to

one other question randomly selected from a pool of ten questions developed by Academic

and Student Affairs. Selection was based on the last digit of the student's social security

number. During Spring 1995, 11,054 students responded to the NCAA question and

approximately 1,000 students responded to each of the ten remaining questions. During

Fall 1995, 21,436 students responded to a pool of 20 questions. Approximately 2,000

students responded to each question. During Spring 1996, roughly the same number of

students responded to a different pool of twenty questions.


Assessment of General Education Race and Ethnicity Courses - In

Fall 1994, 1,701 students enrolled in "Race and Ethnicity in American Society" General

Education courses were surveyed at the end of the semester to determine whether they

perceived that the course they were enrolled in met the objectives, which were to develop

". . .a significant and useful understanding of the perspectives and contributions to human

activities and experiences of people from a diversity of cultures and backgrounds." Of the

students surveyed, 60 percent were female; 40 percent male; 41 percent were seniors; 27

percent were juniors; 20 percent were freshmen; and 10 percent were sophomores. Self-

identification of race/ethnicity status revealed 54 percent were Caucasian, 18 percent were

Asian, 11 percent were Mexican American and Latino, and 6 percent were Black. The

General Education Committee used the criteria statements for the "Race and Ethnicity"

category in developing the instrument.


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Non-Survey Sources of Data


Over the past several years a variety of non-survey instruments have been used to

gather data from students. Collegiate Assessment of Academic Proficiency (CAAP) tests

were used to examine the critical thinking and writing skills of CSUS students. A survey of

mathematical skills was added to the CAAP test when it was administered to graduating

students.


Four of the standardized tests currently being taken by CSUS students to meet

credential requirements and to determine admission to graduate and profession schools

were reviewed as part of the assessment of student outcomes. The Graduate Record

Examination (GRE) is a general test of verbal, quantitative, and analytical reasoning

designed to assess undergraduate achievement or the qualifications of students for graduate

study. Since 1983, prospective teachers have been required to take the California Basic

Educational Skills Test (CBEST) to ensure an acceptable level of competence for credentialed

K-12 teachers. The Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) measures proficiency in

verbal reasoning and writing, and competency in biological and physical sciences. The Law

School Admission Test (LSAT) is used by Law Schools for admissions purposes.


Other sources of data for Phase II of the Self-Study included results obtained

from CSUS's Writing Proficiency Exam (WPE). All CSUS students are required to pass

the Writing Proficiency Exam as a condition of graduation. University data regarding

student retention and graduation rates were also examined as part of phase II. Focus groups

were conducted in late November 1996 with faculty, staff, and students. It was difficult to

incorporate the results into this methodological framework. A summary, however, is

included in Appendix A. Student response was particularly low, probably because both

focus groups were conducted in the evening.


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Remaining Issues


One problem with our approach to assessment at this time is the absence of

standards against which to measure the data. For instance, is the finding that nearly a

quarter of the students rated their major curriculum as "less than adequate" or "very poor"

in providing needed technical skills cause for alarm or not? In considering all of its data, the

Steering Committee really had no way of saying what was an "acceptable" threshold and

what was not. A second issue is whether or not "outcomes" should be restricted to those

sources of data that truly measure outcomes, or whether certain inputs should also be

considered. A third issue is that a primary focus on student outcomes assessment left other

members of our Learning Community, i.e. faculty, staff, and administration, out of the

picture. Phase I was more inclusive and looked at all four campus groups, whereas phase

II took the more narrow approach of looking only at student outcomes. A fourth issue

pertains to the outcomes chosen for future study. It would be presumptuous of the authors

to assume that this report contains a static and enduring set of outcomes for further study.

Rather this report proposes a starting point, a draft set of indicators and outcomes. Future

assessment efforts will undoubtedly edit the list, refine the content, and improve the form.